omputer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers.
How long has computer science existed?
i'm not sure, but I know it is the scientific and practical approach to computation
Is programming part of computer science?
yes A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation 
What significant breakthroughs have come out of computer science?
We can look at computer graphics for example  as it emphasize real-world visual applications.
Interesting. If someone wants to become a computer scientist where should they start?
Learn to code, Other fields still focus on challenges in make this work.
What's the most popular programming language?