I am interested in photography, the science of creating durable images by recording light on photographic film.
I've recently become interested in photography too. However I am a total beginner and I only have a digital camera which seem to clash with the definition you just gave me lol.
I like oldschool film photography. A lens is used to focus the light into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside the camera.
Ugh I need to get some more lens for camera but they're so expensive and there are so many options. 
I bet your camera has an electronic image sensor which charges each pixel and process the digital image for display or processing.
You might be right. I have no idea. I think it is a mirrorless, that's all I know.
Digital cameras capture photographs in digital memory. They are still pretty new, only released like 20 years ago.
It seems so old, but really 20 years isn't long compared to when photography started though. 
That's right. Most cameras produced now are digital. Most people use the cameras on their phones or tablets to take pictures these days.
I think I've seen pictures as far back as the civil war maybe?