My mother used to be a teacher and as a child growing up I have always bee very curious about teachers.
A teacher is also called a school teacher
When did the profession of being a teacher originate?
I don't know. In ancient civilization in Egypt and greece teachers help others acquire knowledge or valves 
How many different types of teachers are there or do they all come under one umbrella? 
So many. Informally, anyone can take the role of a teacher
To be a formal teacher, how long would it take oneself to get the qualifications needed?
When showing a friend something is teaching 
Can you name me a great teacher currently or in history that has shaped our society as we know it? I have always been curious as to see peoples perspective n this question.
the great Aristotle . Some other professions may involve a high amount of teaching